Historical Dividers: Early Modern in the 20th century with new movements such as De Stijl, Dada, constructivism, cubism, and futurism which all brought new ways of expression and simplicity. 1917 Russian Revolutions and other political moments inspire artists to use radical shifts in their designs to make changes in the world. The Industrial Age provided mass production allowing everyone to purchase artwork. The Early Modern Era brought new technology that helped people use visual media for communication.
Historical Figures: Lucian Bernard's approach rejected Art Nouveau decoration ideas and he focused on using simplicity of his design with no unnecessary details which gave him a straight forward style. Hans Rudi Erdt's approach was to use flat colors, simple shapes and bold typography, and he used visual tricks to suggest product instead of just showing it. Ludwig Hohlwein's approach began using depth with the use of patterns, texture and color to add volume; he also began to use more severity for the Nazi ideals. Filippo Tommaso Marinetti's approach showed new form of expression when he broke all the rules of typography and he saw war as a way to move to the future and remove the past. Edward McKnight Kauffer's approach creates a series of travel posters that focused on interests of the system's destinations, and he designed radical posters using cubism, futurism and vorticism. El Lissitsky's approach incorporated diagonal axes, asymmetry, white space, and bold sans serif type to provide dynamic to his works and he followed a constructivist approach. Alexander Rodchenko's approach worked on commercial design as a constructivist, later using avant-garde ideas to spread messages for the revolution; his works used heavy rules, asymmetry, sans serif types, strong diagonals, bold photography, and whitespace. Stenberg Brothers' approach created new styles in movie posters and used dynamic movement in designs, they would use film to focus on other things besides stars and use scale changes, extreme close-ups and vivid color. Theo Van Doesburgh's approach tried to develop ideas to refine cubism, he worked with typography, created a universal language of order, abstraction, and geometric shapes.
